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高考英语词汇:cost,spend,take的区别

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  三者均可表示“花费”,区别如下:1. 从所用主语来看:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。如:The computer cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。) 2 000 It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。整天找你。="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
  Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
  2. 从所接宾语来看:cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?建这座桥花了多少钱It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
  It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
  3. 从句型结构来看:(1) 三者的通常句型为:sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事(2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
  正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
  4. 在比喻用法中:(1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如:I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:)It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。

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